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Electricity emission factors by country, 2025

The average carbon intensity of electricity in 126 countries, for reporting the electricity used at sites outside the UK. Each country's page shows every year back to 2000, what its electricity is made from and a worked example.

The UK government conversion factors stopped publishing overseas electricity figures and point to the International Energy Agency, which charges for them. These figures are free, from Ember's open data. For UK sites use the UK government grid factor; for US sites, the eGRID subregion factors.

Reporting sites in more than one country? Carbon Recycling works out each line of your bills, mileage and travel and writes your Carbon Reduction Plan and SECR report.

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Africa

Countryg CO2e per kWhkg CO2e per kWhYear
Algeria6330.6332024
Angola1850.1852024
Cameroon2260.2262024
Côte d'Ivoire4050.4052024
DR Congo27.60.0282024
Egypt5630.5632025
Ethiopia23.10.0232025
Ghana4690.4692024
Kenya95.40.0952025
Libya8270.8272024
Mali5390.5392024
Morocco6020.6022025
Mozambique1290.1292024
Nigeria4560.4562025
Republic of the Congo7160.7162024
Senegal5400.5402024
South Africa6990.6992025
Sudan1540.1542024
Tanzania3450.3452024
Tunisia5600.5602025
Uganda58.50.0592024
Zambia1260.1262024
Zimbabwe3840.3842024

Asia

Countryg CO2e per kWhkg CO2e per kWhYear
Armenia2360.2362025
Azerbaijan6470.6472025
Bahrain9020.9022024
Bangladesh6960.6962025
Bhutan23.60.0242024
Brunei8920.8922024
Cambodia4990.4992025
China5260.5262025
Georgia1460.1462025
Hong Kong6750.6752024
India6710.6712025
Indonesia6810.6812024
Iran6600.6602025
Iraq6830.6832024
Israel4930.4932025
Japan4770.4772025
Jordan5300.5302024
Kazakhstan8050.8052025
Kuwait6350.6352025
Kyrgyzstan1500.1502025
Laos2320.2322024
Lebanon3900.3902024
Malaysia6030.6032025
Mongolia8240.8242025
Myanmar5030.5032024
Nepal24.30.0242024
Oman5440.5442025
Pakistan3100.3102025
Philippines5950.5952025
Qatar5820.5822025
Saudi Arabia6920.6922024
Singapore4970.4972025
South Korea4170.4172025
Sri Lanka3210.3212025
Syria7060.7062024
Taiwan6340.6342025
Tajikistan73.90.0742025
Thailand5460.5462025
Turkey4760.4762025
Turkmenistan1,3061.3062024
United Arab Emirates4680.4682024
Uzbekistan1,0001.0002025
Vietnam4630.4632025
Yemen5920.5922024

Europe

Countryg CO2e per kWhkg CO2e per kWhYear
United Kingdom (UK government factor)See the UK page
Austria1170.1172025
Belarus3130.3132025
Belgium1090.1092025
Bosnia and Herzegovina5730.5732025
Bulgaria2750.2752025
Croatia1590.1592025
Cyprus4890.4892025
Czech Republic4010.4012025
Denmark99.60.1002025
Estonia3170.3172025
Finland57.50.0572025
France41.50.0412025
Germany3300.3302025
Greece3240.3242025
Hungary1630.1632025
Iceland27.80.0282024
Ireland2560.2562025
Italy2850.2852025
Kosovo9030.9032025
Latvia1340.1342025
Lithuania1390.1392025
Netherlands2540.2542025
North Macedonia4060.4062025
Norway28.10.0282025
Poland5910.5912025
Portugal1280.1282025
Romania2600.2602025
Russia4500.4502025
Serbia6960.6962025
Slovakia94.90.0952025
Slovenia1830.1832025
Spain1540.1542025
Sweden35.40.0352025
Switzerland39.20.0392025

North America

Countryg CO2e per kWhkg CO2e per kWhYear
Canada1910.1912025
Costa Rica24.20.0242025
Cuba6430.6432024
Dominican Republic5370.5372025
El Salvador1380.1382025
Guatemala3010.3012024
Honduras3220.3222024
Mexico4740.4742025
Panama2210.2212024
Puerto Rico6550.6552025
Trinidad and Tobago6820.6822024
United States3840.3842025

Oceania

Countryg CO2e per kWhkg CO2e per kWhYear
Australia5250.5252025
New Zealand92.80.0932025

South America

Countryg CO2e per kWhkg CO2e per kWhYear
Argentina3430.3432025
Bolivia4810.4812025
Brazil1100.1102025
Chile2910.2912025
Colombia1870.1872025
Ecuador1590.1592025
Paraguay24.70.0252025
Peru2380.2382025
Uruguay80.40.0802025
Venezuela85.90.0862024

Lifecycle emissions per kWh of electricity generated in the country (g CO2e per kWh). Excludes imports and grid losses. Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data, licensed CC BY 4.0. Countries generating less than 5 TWh a year are not listed.