Work out your India electricity emissions
= 134.11 tonnes CO2e in 2025 (Scope 2 (location-based))
Each kWh × 0.671 kg CO2e, the 2025 grid average for India (Ember).
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India electricity emission factor by year
| Year | g CO2e per kWh | kg CO2e per kWh | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 671 | 0.671 | -5.1% |
| 2024 | 707 | 0.707 | -1.0% |
| 2023 | 714 | 0.714 | +1.1% |
| 2022 | 706 | 0.706 | -1.3% |
| 2021 | 716 | 0.716 | +0.9% |
| 2020 | 709 | 0.709 | -1.9% |
| 2019 | 723 | 0.723 | -2.0% |
| 2018 | 738 | 0.738 | -0.7% |
| 2017 | 743 | 0.743 | -1.2% |
| 2016 | 752 | 0.752 | +0.2% |
| 2015 | 751 | 0.751 | +1.0% |
| 2014 | 743 | 0.743 | +0.6% |
| 2013 | 739 | 0.739 | -0.5% |
| 2012 | 743 | 0.743 | +2.9% |
| 2011 | 722 | 0.722 | -2.3% |
| 2010 | 739 | 0.739 | -0.7% |
| 2009 | 745 | 0.745 | +1.6% |
| 2008 | 733 | 0.733 | +2.1% |
| 2007 | 718 | 0.718 | -0.7% |
| 2006 | 723 | 0.723 | -1.5% |
| 2005 | 734 | 0.734 | +1.4% |
| 2004 | 724 | 0.724 | -4.5% |
| 2003 | 758 | 0.758 | +0.3% |
| 2002 | 756 | 0.756 | +1.1% |
| 2001 | 747 | 0.747 | +1.0% |
| 2000 | 740 | 0.740 | – |
Lifecycle emissions per kWh of electricity generated in the country (g CO2e per kWh). Excludes imports and grid losses.
What India's electricity is made from
In 2025, India generated 2,081.6 TWh of electricity. 73% came from fossil fuels, which is what drives the factor up or down from year to year.
| Source | Share of generation, 2025 |
|---|---|
| Coal | 70.8% |
| Solar | 9.4% |
| Hydro | 8.6% |
| Wind | 5.0% |
| Nuclear | 2.6% |
| Gas | 2.3% |
| Bioenergy | 1.1% |
Worked example
Take a small factory in India using 200,000 kWh a year. 200,000 kWh × 0.671 kg CO2e = 134.1 tonnes CO2e, reported as Scope 2 (location-based).
How to report it
Multiply each site's electricity use in kWh, from its bills or meter readings, by the factor for the year. Report the result as location-based Scope 2. If the site buys renewable electricity backed by certificates recognised in India, you can also show a market-based figure, but keep the location-based one alongside it.
India publishes its own figure too: the CO2 Baseline Database for the Indian power sector from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA). Use it where a customer, lender or regulator in India asks for the national figure.
UK companies with a site, warehouse or office here should use this factor for that site, not the UK grid factor. From April 2027, NHS suppliers on contracts over £5 million must report their global footprint, so overseas sites can no longer be left out. For your UK sites, use the UK government grid electricity factor.
In Carbon Recycling, set the site's country to India and its electricity is reported with this factor automatically, while your UK sites stay on the UK government factor.
Related emission factors
- Japan electricity: 477 g CO2e per kWh (2025)
- South Korea electricity: 417 g CO2e per kWh (2025)
- Saudi Arabia electricity: 692 g CO2e per kWh (2024)
- UK grid electricity (UK government factor)
- Electricity emission factors for every country