Every country's electricity ranked from cleanest to most carbon-intensive, for any year from 1999. Search for a country, flip the order, and follow a country's name to every year we hold for it.

193 countries ranked by grid carbon intensity, 2024

United Kingdom: #49 (207 g) · France: #11 (35 g) · Germany: #78 (361 g) · United States: national average: #73 (341 g) · India: #181 (707 g) · middle of the table: 474 g

  1. #1Ethiopia23 g
  2. #2Bhutan24 g
  3. #3Nepal24 g
  4. #4Paraguay25 g
  5. #5Costa Rica25 g
  6. #6DR Congo28 g
  7. #7Iceland28 g
  8. #8Norway30 g
  9. #9Switzerland35 g
  10. #10Sweden35 g
  11. #11France35 g · official
  12. #12Sierra Leone48 g
  13. #13Namibia49 g
  14. #14Malawi55 g
  15. #15Uganda59 g
  16. #16Finland67 g
  17. #17Uruguay70 g
  18. #18Tajikistan71 g
  19. #19Kenya85 g
  20. #20Venezuela86 g

Grams of CO2e per kWh of electricity generated (CO2 only for the few official figures that count carbon dioxide alone). Only countries with a figure for that exact year are ranked. "Official" marks a government's own published figure; the rest are Ember's estimates.

Contains data from Ember, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (ember-energy.org), and the national sources listed below. The sources do not endorse us.

Cleanest and most carbon-intensive grids, 2024

Cleanest 10

  1. Ethiopia: 23 g CO2e/kWh
  2. Bhutan: 24 g CO2e/kWh
  3. Nepal: 24 g CO2e/kWh
  4. Costa Rica: 25 g CO2e/kWh
  5. Paraguay: 25 g CO2e/kWh
  6. DR Congo: 28 g CO2e/kWh
  7. Iceland: 28 g CO2e/kWh
  8. Norway: 30 g CO2e/kWh
  9. France: 35 g CO2e/kWh
  10. Sweden: 35 g CO2e/kWh

Most carbon-intensive 10

  1. Turkmenistan: 1306 g CO2e/kWh
  2. Uzbekistan: 1040 g CO2e/kWh
  3. Montserrat: 1000 g CO2e/kWh
  4. Kosovo: 924 g CO2e/kWh
  5. Bahrain: 902 g CO2e/kWh
  6. Brunei: 892 g CO2e/kWh
  7. Botswana: 851 g CO2e/kWh
  8. Libya: 827 g CO2e/kWh
  9. Mongolia: 817 g CO2e/kWh
  10. Kazakhstan: 802 g CO2e/kWh

Worked example

A company has an office using 50,000 kWh a year. In Ethiopia that's 1.15 tonnes CO2e; in the UK 10.4 tonnes; in Turkmenistan 65.3 tonnes. Same office, same electricity.

How Carbon Recycling helps

Add a site in any country and Carbon Recycling applies that country's grid factor for each year automatically, then produces your report in the format that country asks for. Work out a single figure first with our electricity CO2e calculator, or browse every country's factor.

Data sources and licences

  • Contains data from Ember, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (ember-energy.org): Ember, Yearly Electricity Data.
  • Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: DESNZ, Greenhouse gas reporting: conversion factors.
  • Australia: National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, Table 1 (2022 to 2026 editions), the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW). DCCEEW 2026, Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Canberra, August. CC BY 4.0.
  • Canada: National Inventory Report 2026, Annex 7, Table A7–1 (generation intensity), Environment and Climate Change Canada. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
  • China: Electricity CO2 emission factor announcements 2024 No. 12, 2024 No. 33 and 2025 No. 47, Table 1, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) and National Bureau of Statistics. Source: Ministry of Ecology and Environment and National Bureau of Statistics of China, national average electricity CO2 emission factors (announcements 2024 No. 12, 2024 No. 33, 2025 No. 47).
  • Germany: Climate Change 16/2026, Entwicklung der spezifischen Treibhausgas-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix 1990 - 2025, Table 2, the Umweltbundesamt (UBA). Quelle: Umweltbundesamt, Climate Change 16/2026 (Tabelle 2). Converted from g to kg per kWh by Carbon Recycling.
  • France: Base Carbone V23.6, electricity average mix (combustion at the power station), ADEME. Source: ADEME, Base Carbone® V23.6 (data.ademe.fr, last updated 3 July 2025), Licence Ouverte 2.0.
  • New Zealand: Measuring emissions: A guide for organisations, 2026 emission factors (version 2), purchased electricity annual averages, the Ministry for the Environment. Ministry for the Environment. 2026. Measuring emissions: A guide for organisations: 2026 emission factors (version 2). Crown copyright, CC BY 4.0.
  • Singapore: Electricity Grid Emission Factors and Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor (data.gov.sg), Energy Market Authority (EMA). Contains information from Electricity Grid Emission Factors and Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor accessed on 19 October 2026 from data.gov.sg, which is made available under the terms of the Singapore Open Data Licence version 1.0.

Carbon Recycling ranked the figures; the sources do not endorse us.

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