Electricity emission factors by country, 2025

The average carbon intensity of electricity in 194 countries, for reporting the electricity used at sites outside the UK. Each country's page shows every year back to 2000, what its electricity is made from and a worked example.

The UK government conversion factors stopped publishing overseas electricity figures and point to the International Energy Agency, which charges for them. These figures are free, from Ember's open data. For UK sites use the UK government grid factor; for US sites, the eGRID subregion factors. To turn a site's kWh into CO2e for any country and year, or compare two countries, use our free electricity CO2e calculator.

Lifecycle emissions per kWh of electricity generated in the country (g CO2e per kWh). Excludes imports and grid losses. Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data, licensed CC BY 4.0. Every country and territory Ember publishes with a recent year is listed.