Electricity CO2e calculator for any country

Multiply the electricity in kWh by the grid factor for the country and year: India's was 0.67055 kg CO2e per kWh in 2025, so 50,000 kWh there is 33.53 tonnes CO2e. The free calculator below holds every year we have for 126 countries and the 27 US power regions, using the government's own figure where one is published under an open licence and Ember's open data everywhere else.

Updated 19 October 2026 by the Carbon Recycling team. Figures are the UK government (DESNZ) factor for the UK, US EPA eGRID for the US, the official national figure where one is open to reuse, and Ember's open data for every other country, checked against the published files.

Pick the country where the electricity was used, the year and the kWh from the bills. You get the emissions in kg and tonnes, the factor, where it came from and a link to that country's page with every year we hold. Tick the box to put a second country alongside, for example to compare two sites.

Work out your electricity emissions

Electricity used (kWh)

From the site's bills or meter readings.

Country

Country or region (153 matches)

Year

Compare with another country

India, 2025

33.53 t CO2e33,528 kg CO2e

Factor:: 0.67055 kg CO2e per kWh
Source:: Independent estimate from Ember, 2025 (CC BY 4.0)

Every year for India

Location-based Scope 2, the same figure Carbon Recycling's software uses for a site in that country and year. Grid losses and market-based figures are not included.

Worked example

A company has an office using 50,000 kWh a year in each of three countries. With the latest figures:

India: 50,000 × 0.67055 = 33.53 tonnes CO2e, with the 2025 figure from Ember
Germany: 50,000 × 0.352 = 17.60 tonnes CO2e, with the 2025 figure from the Umweltbundesamt (UBA)
United Kingdom: 50,000 × 0.13096 = 6.55 tonnes CO2e, with the 2026 figure from the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

The same electricity gives very different emissions, because India still makes most of its power from coal while the UK now makes most of its from wind, nuclear, gas and solar. That is why each site needs its own country's factor.

How it works

Emissions = kWh × the factor for the grid and year. Which factor the calculator uses depends on the country:

United Kingdom: the UK government's DESNZ grid electricity factor, the same one in our kWh to CO2e calculator.
United States: the eGRID emission rate for the site's power region, or the national average if you don't know the region. Find yours on our US emission factors page.
Australia, Canada, China, Germany, France, New Zealand and Singapore: the government's own published figure, unless Ember has one more than a year newer for the year you picked.
Every other country: Ember's average for electricity generated in the country, every year back to 1999.

These are the same rules Carbon Recycling's reporting software uses for a site in another country, so the calculator and your reports always agree. Read more about how sites outside the UK are reported, or browse every country's factor.

What it leaves out

Grid losses. Electricity lost in transmission and distribution is reported as Scope 3 (category 3). The UK factor here doesn't include it, and for other countries no free factor for it is published consistently.
Market-based figures. If a site buys renewable electricity backed by certificates, or its supplier gives you its own factor, you can show a market-based Scope 2 figure as well. This calculator gives the location-based one, which you report either way.
Fuel supply. Ember's figures are lifecycle figures, so they include mining and transporting fuel and building power stations; most official figures count only what power stations emit. Neither adds a separate well-to-tank line.
Imports. The figures are for electricity generated in the country, not what it imports from its neighbours.

Data sources and licences

Contains data from Ember, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (ember-energy.org): Ember, Yearly Electricity Data.
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: DESNZ, Greenhouse gas reporting: conversion factors.
Source: US EPA, eGRID and GHG Emission Factors Hub (to eGRID2023). eGRID2024: Emission Factors Hub 2026, Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative, CC BY 4.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.20403776).
Australia: National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, Table 1 (2022 to 2026 editions), the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW). DCCEEW 2026, Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Canberra, August. CC BY 4.0.
Canada: National Inventory Report 2026, Annex 7, Table A7–1 (generation intensity), Environment and Climate Change Canada. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
China: Electricity CO2 emission factor announcements 2024 No. 12, 2024 No. 33 and 2025 No. 47, Table 1, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) and National Bureau of Statistics. Source: Ministry of Ecology and Environment and National Bureau of Statistics of China, national average electricity CO2 emission factors (announcements 2024 No. 12, 2024 No. 33, 2025 No. 47).
Germany: Climate Change 16/2026, Entwicklung der spezifischen Treibhausgas-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix 1990 - 2025, Table 2, the Umweltbundesamt (UBA). Quelle: Umweltbundesamt, Climate Change 16/2026 (Tabelle 2). Converted from g to kg per kWh by Carbon Recycling.
France: Base Carbone V23.6, electricity average mix (combustion at the power station), ADEME. Source: ADEME, Base Carbone® V23.6 (data.ademe.fr, last updated 3 July 2025), Licence Ouverte 2.0.
New Zealand: Measuring emissions: A guide for organisations, 2026 emission factors (version 2), purchased electricity annual averages, the Ministry for the Environment. Ministry for the Environment. 2026. Measuring emissions: A guide for organisations: 2026 emission factors (version 2). Crown copyright, CC BY 4.0.
Singapore: Electricity Grid Emission Factors and Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor (data.gov.sg), Energy Market Authority (EMA). Contains information from Electricity Grid Emission Factors and Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor accessed on 19 October 2026 from data.gov.sg, which is made available under the terms of the Singapore Open Data Licence version 1.0.

Carbon Recycling turned every figure into kg CO2e (or kg CO2 where a country publishes carbon dioxide only) per kWh. The sources do not endorse us.

Frequently asked questions

Which electricity factor should I use for a site outside the UK?

The factor for the grid where the electricity is used, for the year it was used. The GHG Protocol asks for this for location-based Scope 2, so an office in India uses India's grid factor even if the company is British.

Why does the calculator use a government figure for some countries and Ember for others?

A country's own official figure is what its regulators and customers expect, so we use it where it is published under a licence that lets us reuse it: the UK (DESNZ), the US (eGRID) and Australia, Canada, China, Germany, France, New Zealand and Singapore. Everywhere else we use Ember's independent estimate, which is worked out the same way for every country and is free to use under CC BY 4.0.

The year I picked shows a figure from an earlier year. Why?

Some official series skip years or stop before Ember's does. Where the newest official figure up to your year is no more than a year older than Ember's, we use it, which is the same rule our reporting software follows. The source line says which year the figure is for.

Is the UK figure the same as the government conversion factor?

Yes. For the United Kingdom the calculator uses the DESNZ grid electricity factor for the year, 0.13096 kg CO2e per kWh in 2026, without grid losses. It holds every year from 2002.

Can I use these figures in a Carbon Reduction Plan or SECR report?

Yes, for the electricity used at sites outside the UK. Say which source and year you used. If you report a market-based figure as well (for a renewable tariff, for example), show it alongside the location-based one.

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